1 文件夹和文件遍历
import osimport os.path# os,os.path包含大多数文件访问函数，所以首先引入它们.# 请根据您的实际情况修改此路径rootdir = " d:/download "for parent, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(rootdir): # case 1: for dirname in dirnames: print ( " parent is: " + parent) print ( " dirname is: " + dirname) # case 2 for filename in filenames: print ( " parent is: " + parent) print ( " filename with full path : " + os.path.join(parent, filename))''' 知识点: * os.walk返回三元组，其中dirnames是所有文件夹的名称(不包括路径)，filenames是所有文件的名称(不包括路径).parent表示父目录. * case1 演示了如何遍历所有目录. * case2 演示了如何遍历所有文件. * os.path.join(dirname,filename) : 将形如"/a/b/c"和"d.java"变成/a/b/c/d.java".'''
2 分割路径和文件名
import os.path# 有三种常用函数：分隔路径，找出文件名，找出盘符(windows系统)，找出文件的扩展名.# 根据您机器的实际情况修改以下参数.spath = " D:/download/repository.7z "# case 1:p,f = os.path.split(spath);print ( " dir is: " + p)print ( " file is: " + f)# case 2:drv,left = os.path.splitdrive(spath);print ( " driver is: " + drv)print ( " left is: " + left)# case 3:f,ext = os.path.splitext(spath);print ( " f is: " + f)print ( " ext is: " + ext)''' 知识点: 这三个函数都返回二元组. * case1 分隔目录和文件名 * case2 分隔盘符和文件名 * case3 “分隔文件和扩展名”
总结:5个函数
os.walk(spath)os.path.split(spath)os.path.splitdrive(spath)os.path.splitext(spath)os.path.join(path1，path2)
3 复制文件
import shutilimport osimport os.pathsrc = " d:\\download\\test\myfile1.txt "dst = " d:\\download\\test\myfile2.txt "dst2 = " d:/download/test/测试文件夹.txt "dir1 = os.path.dirname(src)print ( " dir1 %s " % dir1)if (os.path.exists(src) == False): os.makedirs(dir1) f1 = open(src, " w " )f1.write( " line a\n " )f1.write( " line b\n " )f1.close()shutil.copyfile(src, dst)shutil.copyfile(src, dst2)f2 = open(dst, " r " )for line in f2: print (line)f2.close()# 测试复制文件夹树try : srcDir = " d:/download/test " dstDir = " d:/download/test2 " # 如果dstdir已经存在，所以shutil.copytree方法会报错！ # 这也意味着你不能直接使用DD:作为目标路径. shutil.copytree(srcDir, dstDir)except Exception as err: print (err) ''' 知识点: * shutil.copyfile:如何复制文件 * os.path.exists:如何判断文件夹是否存在 * shutil.copytree:目录树怎样复制？ '''
总结:4个函数
os.path.dirname(path)
os.path.exists(path)
shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
shutil.copytree(srcDir, dstDir)
4 实战:文件备份小程序:文件备份
import os
import shutil
import datetime
'''
功能：将目录备份到其他路径。
实际效果：
假设给定目录“/”media/data/programmer/project/python" ，
备份路径“/备份路径”home/diegoyun/backup/“ ，
将python目录备份到备份路径下，形如：
/home/diegoyun/backup/yyyymmddHHMMSS/python/xxx/yyy/zzz ..
用法:更改这两个参数.
backdir:备份目的地.
copydirs:要备份的文件夹.
'''
def mainLogic(): # add dirs you want to copy backdir = " d:\\test " print (backdir) copydirs = [] copydirs.append( " d:\\temp " ); # copydirs.append("d:\\test"); print ( " Copying files =================== " ) start = datetime.datetime.now() # gen a data folder for backup backdir = os.path.join(backdir,start.strftime( " %Y-%m-%d " )) # print("backdir is:"+backdir) kc = 0 for d in copydirs: kc = kc + copyFiles(d,backdir) end = datetime.datetime.now() print ( " Finished! =================== " ) print ( " Total files : " + str(kc) ) print ( " Elapsed time : " + str((end - start).seconds) + " seconds " )def copyFiles(copydir,backdir): prefix = getPathPrefix(copydir) # print("prefix is:"+prefix ) i = 0 for dirpath,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(copydir): for name in fileames: oldpath = os.path.join(dirpath,name) newpath = omitPrefix(dirpath,prefix) print ( " backdir is: " + backdir ) newpath = os.path.join(backdir,newpath) print ( " newpath is: " + newpath) if os.path.exists(newpath) != True: os.makedirs(newpath) newpath = os.path.join(newpath,name) print ( " From: " + oldpath + " to: " + newpath) shutil.copyfile(oldpath,newpath) i = i + 1 return i def getPathPrefix(fullpath): # Giving /media/data/programmer/project/ , get the prefix # /media/data/programmer/ l = fullpath.split(os.path.sep) # print(str(l[-1]=" if l[ - 1 ] == "" : tmp = l[ - 2 ] else : tmp = l[ - 1 ] return fullpath[0:len(fullpath) - len(tmp) - 1 ]def omitPrefix(fullpath,prefix): # Giving /media/data/programmer/project/python/tutotial/file/test.py , # and prefix is Giving /media/data/programmer/project/, # return path as python/tutotial/file/test.py return fullpath[len(prefix) + 1 :]mainLogic()
5 资源：详细说明方法
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